Approaches to counselling

Counselling Method	Causes for Problems	Treatment Method	Counsellor’s Approach
Psychoanalysis (Psychological)	Regression of natural desires with sexual and social maladjustments	Psychotherapy with emphasis on childhood experiences	Expert Knowledge
Non-Directive Counselling (self-discovery)	Lack of self-understanding	Affirmation of self and self-directed growth	Common Knowledge
Existential Counselling (meaning)	Unfulfilled needs and potential	Redirecting of priorities to fulfil personal needs with self-fulfilment	Humanistic Knowledge
Transactional Analysis (cognitive)	Playing out of inappropriate roles from learned past experiences	Re-education of mechanics of roles (parent, adult, child)	Educative Knowledge
Behavioural Counselling (behaviour)	Wrong learned behaviour	Relearning based primarily upon a reward system omitting punishment	Experimental Knowledge
Reality Therapy (facing issues)	Refusal to accept current reality resulting in blame and escapism	Confrontation with facts	Authoritative Knowledge
Biblical Counselling (obeying God)	Sin and a lack of understanding spiritual knowledge, wisdom and truth	Application of the word of God by hearing and obeying God	Revelational Knowledge

Basic Approaches to Counselling